Annette R. Hofmann, ed., 200 Jahre Turnen – 200 Jahre Soziale Jahre Soziale Verantwortung. 2011.
This work is a collection of essays that reflect the 200 year history of German turnen since the founding of Friedrich Ludwig Jahn´s first Turnplatz (gymnastic ground) in 1811 on the Berlin Hasenheide until today. The turner clubs – Turnvereine – are the base of Germany´s sport system which is largely based on a system of volunteers. The umbrella organization of German turnen, the Deutsche Turner-Bund – is the second biggest sports federation in Germany. About 5 million members are organized there, about 70 percent are girls and women. Besides artistic gymnastics, the main offers today are gymnastics and gambling for children and activities related to health.